Configuração SSL/HTTPS

Este documento ensina como configurar SSL/HTTPS para n8n em produção, abordando obtenção de certificados SSL, configuração de reverse proxy com nginx, renovação automática via Let's Encrypt, implementação de security headers, e melhores práticas de segurança que garantem comunicação criptografada e protegem workflows e credenciais contra interceptação e ataques man-in-the-middle.

Configuração HTTPS

Configuração Básica Nginx

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name seudominio.com www.seudominio.com;

    # Certificados SSL
    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/seudominio.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/seudominio.com/privkey.pem;

    # Configurações SSL
    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
    ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
    ssl_session_timeout 10m;

    # Security Headers
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always;
    add_header X-Frame-Options DENY always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
    add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" always;

    # Proxy para n8n
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://localhost:5678;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port;

        # Timeouts
        proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
        proxy_send_timeout 60s;
        proxy_read_timeout 60s;

        # WebSocket Support
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
    }

    # Configurações específicas para webhooks
    location /webhook/ {
        proxy_pass http://localhost:5678;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

        # Timeouts maiores para webhooks
        proxy_connect_timeout 120s;
        proxy_send_timeout 120s;
        proxy_read_timeout 120s;
    }
}

Configuração Avançada

Otimizações de Performance

# /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
http {
    # Configurações básicas
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    tcp_nodelay on;
    keepalive_timeout 65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    # Gzip compression
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_min_length 1024;
    gzip_proxied any;
    gzip_comp_level 6;
    gzip_types
        text/plain
        text/css
        text/xml
        text/javascript
        application/json
        application/javascript
        application/xml+rss
        application/atom+xml
        image/svg+xml;

    # Rate limiting
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=api:10m rate=10r/s;
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=webhook:10m rate=30r/s;

    # Incluir configurações do site
    include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

Configuração com Rate Limiting

# /etc/nginx/sites-available/n8n
server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name seudominio.com;

    # Certificados SSL
    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/seudominio.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/seudominio.com/privkey.pem;

    # Rate limiting para API
    location /api/ {
        limit_req zone=api burst=20 nodelay;
        proxy_pass http://localhost:5678;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }

    # Rate limiting para webhooks
    location /webhook/ {
        limit_req zone=webhook burst=50 nodelay;
        proxy_pass http://localhost:5678;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }

    # Configuração geral
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://localhost:5678;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
}

---

Docker e Containerização

Docker Compose com Nginx

version: '3.8'

services:
  n8n:
    image: n8nio/n8n:latest
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      - N8N_PROTOCOL=https
      - N8N_HOST=seudominio.com
      - GENERIC_TIMEZONE=America/Sao_Paulo
      - DB_TYPE=postgresdb
      - DB_POSTGRESDB_HOST=postgres
      - DB_POSTGRESDB_DATABASE=n8n
      - DB_POSTGRESDB_USER=n8n
      - DB_POSTGRESDB_PASSWORD=${DB_PASSWORD}
      - REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379
      - N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY=${N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY}
    volumes:
      - n8n_data:/home/node/.n8n
    depends_on:
      - postgres
      - redis
    networks:
      - n8n_network

  nginx:
    image: nginx:alpine
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
      - ./ssl:/etc/nginx/ssl
      - ./certbot/conf:/etc/letsencrypt
      - ./certbot/www:/var/www/certbot
    depends_on:
      - n8n
    networks:
      - n8n_network

  certbot:
    image: certbot/certbot
    volumes:
      - ./certbot/conf:/etc/letsencrypt
      - ./certbot/www:/var/www/certbot
    command: certonly --webroot --webroot-path=/var/www/certbot --email seu-email@seudominio.com --agree-tos --no-eff-email -d seudominio.com

  postgres:
    image: postgres:15
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_DB=n8n
      - POSTGRES_USER=n8n
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=${DB_PASSWORD}
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    networks:
      - n8n_network

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    restart: unless-stopped
    command: redis-server --appendonly yes
    volumes:
      - redis_data:/data
    networks:
      - n8n_network

volumes:
  n8n_data:
  postgres_data:
  redis_data:

networks:
  n8n_network:
    driver: bridge

Nginx Configuration para Docker

# nginx.conf
events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    upstream n8n_backend {
        server n8n:5678;
    }

    # Rate limiting
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=api:10m rate=10r/s;
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=webhook:10m rate=30r/s;

    # Gzip
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_min_length 1024;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript;

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name seudominio.com;
        return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
    }

    server {
        listen 443 ssl http2;
        server_name seudominio.com;

        # SSL Configuration
        ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/cert.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/key.pem;
        ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
        ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;
        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;

        # Security Headers
        add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always;
        add_header X-Frame-Options DENY always;
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff always;
        add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;

        # API endpoints with rate limiting
        location /api/ {
            limit_req zone=api burst=20 nodelay;
            proxy_pass http://n8n_backend;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        }

        # Webhook endpoints with rate limiting
        location /webhook/ {
            limit_req zone=webhook burst=50 nodelay;
            proxy_pass http://n8n_backend;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
            proxy_read_timeout 120s;
        }

        # General proxy
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://n8n_backend;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port;

            # WebSocket Support
            proxy_http_version 1.1;
            proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
            proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
        }
    }
}

---

Security Headers

Headers Essenciais

# Headers de segurança essenciais
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always;
add_header X-Frame-Options DENY always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff always;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" always;
add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; img-src 'self' data: https:; font-src 'self' data:; connect-src 'self' https:; frame-ancestors 'none';" always;
add_header Permissions-Policy "geolocation=(), microphone=(), camera=()" always;

Configuração Completa

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name seudominio.com;

    # SSL Configuration
    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/seudominio.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/seudominio.com/privkey.pem;
    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
    ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;

    # Security Headers
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;
    add_header X-Frame-Options DENY always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
    add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" always;
    add_header Permissions-Policy "geolocation=(), microphone=(), camera=()" always;

    # Content Security Policy para n8n
    add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' https://cdn.jsdelivr.net; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' https://fonts.googleapis.com; font-src 'self' https://fonts.gstatic.com; img-src 'self' data: https:; connect-src 'self' https: wss:; frame-ancestors 'none';" always;

    # Proxy Configuration
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://localhost:5678;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port;

        # WebSocket Support
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
    }
}

---

Renovação Automática

Script de Renovação

#!/bin/bash

# Configurações
DOMAIN="seudominio.com"
EMAIL="seu-email@seudominio.com"
WEBHOOK_URL="https://hooks.slack.com/services/YOUR/WEBHOOK/URL"

echo "Iniciando renovação de certificados..."

# Renovar certificados
certbot renew --quiet

if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "Certificados renovados com sucesso"
    systemctl reload nginx
    
    # Notificar sucesso
    curl -X POST $WEBHOOK_URL \
      -H "Content-type: application/json" \
      -d '{"text":"✅ Certificados SSL renovados com sucesso"}'
else
    echo "Erro na renovação dos certificados"
    exit 1
fi

Cron Job

#!/bin/bash

# Verificar expiração de certificados
DOMAIN="seudominio.com"
DAYS_THRESHOLD=30

# Obter data de expiração
EXPIRY_DATE=$(openssl x509 -enddate -noout -in /etc/letsencrypt/live/$DOMAIN/cert.pem | cut -d= -f2)
EXPIRY_EPOCH=$(date -d "$EXPIRY_DATE" +%s)
CURRENT_EPOCH=$(date +%s)
DAYS_LEFT=$(( ($EXPIRY_EPOCH - $CURRENT_EPOCH) / 86400 ))

if [ $DAYS_LEFT -lt $DAYS_THRESHOLD ]; then
    echo "ALERTA: Certificado SSL expira em $DAYS_LEFT dias"
    # Enviar notificação
    curl -X POST https://hooks.slack.com/services/YOUR/WEBHOOK/URL \
      -H "Content-type: application/json" \
      -d "{\"text\":\"⚠️ Certificado SSL expira em $DAYS_LEFT dias\"}"
fi

---

Testes e Validação

Testes de SSL

Verificar Certificado

#!/bin/bash

# Verificar certificado
echo "Verificando certificado SSL..."
openssl x509 -in /etc/letsencrypt/live/seudominio.com/cert.pem -text -noout

# Testar conectividade
echo "Testando conectividade HTTPS..."
curl -w "@curl-format.txt" -o /dev/null -s "https://seudominio.com"

# Verificar headers de segurança
echo "Verificando headers de segurança..."
curl -I https://seudominio.com

Teste de Performance

#!/bin/bash

# Teste de performance SSL
echo "Teste de performance SSL..."
openssl s_time -connect seudominio.com:443 -new

# Teste de handshake
echo "Teste de handshake..."
openssl s_client -connect seudominio.com:443 -servername seudominio.com

---

Próximos Passos

1. Configure certificados SSL/TLS
2. Implemente security headers adequados
3. Configure renovação automática de certificados
4. Monitore expiração de certificados

---

Dica Pro

Use Let's Encrypt para certificados gratuitos e automáticos. Configure renovação automática para evitar interrupções.

Importante

Sempre teste a renovação de certificados em ambiente de desenvolvimento antes de aplicar em produção. Certificados expirados causam interrupção total do serviço.