Monitoramento e Alertas

Este documento explica como implementar monitoramento abrangente do n8n, abordando métricas de performance, logs estruturados, alertas proativos, dashboards de observabilidade, integração com ferramentas de APM, e sistemas de notificação que detectam problemas antes que afetem usuários finais, garantindo visibilidade completa sobre saúde e performance das automações em produção.

O que você vai aprender

Métricas essenciais de monitoramento
Configuração de alertas
Dashboards de observabilidade
Integração com ferramentas APM
Logs estruturados

Métricas Essenciais

Métricas de Sistema

CPU e Memória

#!/bin/bash
# <ion-icon name="document-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> system-metrics.sh

echo "=== Métricas do Sistema ==="

# <ion-icon name="document-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> CPU
CPU_USAGE=$(top -bn1 | grep "Cpu(s)" | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d'%' -f1)
echo "CPU Usage: ${CPU_USAGE}%"

# <ion-icon name="sparkles-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Memória
MEMORY_USAGE=$(free | grep Mem | awk '{printf("%.2f", $3/$2 * 100.0)}')
echo "Memory Usage: ${MEMORY_USAGE}%"

# <ion-icon name="document-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Disco
DISK_USAGE=$(df / | tail -1 | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d'%' -f1)
echo "Disk Usage: ${DISK_USAGE}%"

# <ion-icon name="document-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Load Average
LOAD_AVG=$(uptime | awk -F'load average:' '{print $2}' | awk '{print $1}' | cut -d',' -f1)
echo "Load Average: $LOAD_AVG"

Métricas de Rede

#!/bin/bash
# <ion-icon name="document-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> network-metrics.sh

echo "=== Métricas de Rede ==="

# <ion-icon name="document-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Conexões ativas
ACTIVE_CONNECTIONS=$(netstat -an | grep ESTABLISHED | wc -l)
echo "Active Connections: $ACTIVE_CONNECTIONS"

# <ion-icon name="document-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Conexões n8n
N8N_CONNECTIONS=$(netstat -an | grep :5678 | grep ESTABLISHED | wc -l)
echo "n8n Connections: $N8N_CONNECTIONS"

# <ion-icon name="document-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Tráfego de rede
NETWORK_IN=$(cat /proc/net/dev | grep eth0 | awk '{print $2}')
NETWORK_OUT=$(cat /proc/net/dev | grep eth0 | awk '{print $10}')
echo "Network In: $NETWORK_IN bytes"
echo "Network Out: $NETWORK_OUT bytes"

Métricas de Aplicação

Métricas n8n

#!/bin/bash
# <ion-icon name="document-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> n8n-metrics.sh

N8N_URL="http://localhost:5678"
API_KEY="sua_api_key"

echo "=== Métricas n8n ==="

# <ion-icon name="document-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Status da aplicação
if curl -f -s "$N8N_URL/healthz" > /dev/null; then
    echo "n8n Status: ✅ Online"
else
    echo "n8n Status: ❌ Offline"
    exit 1
fi

# <ion-icon name="git-branch-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Número de workflows
WORKFLOW_COUNT=$(curl -s -H "X-N8N-API-KEY: $API_KEY" \
  "$N8N_URL/api/v1/workflows" | jq '. | length')
echo "Total Workflows: $WORKFLOW_COUNT"

# <ion-icon name="git-branch-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Workflows ativos
ACTIVE_WORKFLOWS=$(curl -s -H "X-N8N-API-KEY: $API_KEY" \
  "$N8N_URL/api/v1/workflows" | jq '[.[] | select(.active == true)] | length')
echo "Active Workflows: $ACTIVE_WORKFLOWS"

# <ion-icon name="document-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Execuções nas últimas 24h
EXECUTIONS_24H=$(curl -s -H "X-N8N-API-KEY: $API_KEY" \
  "$N8N_URL/api/v1/executions?limit=1000" | \
  jq '[.[] | select(.startedAt > "'$(date -d '24 hours ago' -Iseconds)'")] | length')
echo "Executions (24h): $EXECUTIONS_24H"

# <ion-icon name="bug-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Taxa de erro
ERROR_RATE=$(curl -s -H "X-N8N-API-KEY: $API_KEY" \
  "$N8N_URL/api/v1/executions?limit=1000" | \
  jq '[.[] | select(.startedAt > "'$(date -d '1 hour ago' -Iseconds)'")] | 
       [.[] | select(.status == "error")] | length as $errors | 
       [.[] | select(.startedAt > "'$(date -d '1 hour ago' -Iseconds)'")] | length as $total | 
       if $total > 0 then ($errors * 100 / $total) else 0 end')
echo "Error Rate (1h): ${ERROR_RATE}%"

Métricas de Performance

#!/bin/bash
# <ion-icon name="speedometer-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> performance-metrics.sh

echo "=== Métricas de Performance ==="

# <ion-icon name="code-slash-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Tempo de resposta da API
API_RESPONSE_TIME=$(curl -o /dev/null -s -w "%{time_total}" \
  http://localhost:5678/api/v1/workflows)
echo "API Response Time: ${API_RESPONSE_TIME}s"

# <ion-icon name="grid-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Tempo de resposta da UI
UI_RESPONSE_TIME=$(curl -o /dev/null -s -w "%{time_total}" \
  http://localhost:5678/)
echo "UI Response Time: ${UI_RESPONSE_TIME}s"

# <ion-icon name="code-slash-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Uso de memória do Node.js
NODE_MEMORY=$(docker exec n8n node -e "
const mem = process.memoryUsage();
console.log(Math.round(mem.rss / 1024 / 1024));
" 2>/dev/null || echo "N/A")
echo "Node.js Memory: ${NODE_MEMORY}MB"

# <ion-icon name="code-slash-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Uso de CPU do Node.js
NODE_CPU=$(docker stats --no-stream --format "{{.CPUPerc}}" n8n 2>/dev/null || echo "N/A")
echo "Node.js CPU: $NODE_CPU"

Sistema de Alertas

Configuração de Alertas

Script de Monitoramento

#!/bin/bash
# <ion-icon name="document-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> n8n-monitoring.sh

# <ion-icon name="key-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Configurações
WEBHOOK_URL="https://hooks.slack.com/services/YOUR/WEBHOOK/URL"
EMAIL_ALERTS="admin@empresa.com"
ALERT_THRESHOLD_CPU=80
ALERT_THRESHOLD_MEMORY=85
ALERT_THRESHOLD_DISK=90
ALERT_THRESHOLD_ERROR_RATE=5
ALERT_THRESHOLD_RESPONSE_TIME=5

# <ion-icon name="code-slash-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Função para enviar alerta
send_alert() {
    local message="$1"
    local severity="$2"
    
    # Slack
    curl -X POST $WEBHOOK_URL \
      -H "Content-type: application/json" \
      -d "{\"text\":\"$severity $message\"}"
    
    # Email
    echo "$message" | mail -s "n8n Alert: $severity" $EMAIL_ALERTS
    
    # Log
    echo "$(date): $severity - $message" >> /var/log/n8n/alerts.log
}

# <ion-icon name="document-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Verificar CPU
CPU_USAGE=$(top -bn1 | grep "Cpu(s)" | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d'%' -f1)
if (( $(echo "$CPU_USAGE > $ALERT_THRESHOLD_CPU" | bc -l) )); then
    send_alert "CPU usage is ${CPU_USAGE}%" "⚠️"
fi

# <ion-icon name="sparkles-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Verificar memória
MEMORY_USAGE=$(free | grep Mem | awk '{printf("%.0f", $3/$2 * 100.0)}')
if [ $MEMORY_USAGE -gt $ALERT_THRESHOLD_MEMORY ]; then
    send_alert "Memory usage is ${MEMORY_USAGE}%" "⚠️"
fi

# <ion-icon name="document-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Verificar disco
DISK_USAGE=$(df / | tail -1 | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d'%' -f1)
if [ $DISK_USAGE -gt $ALERT_THRESHOLD_DISK ]; then
    send_alert "Disk usage is ${DISK_USAGE}%" "🚨"
fi

# <ion-icon name="document-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Verificar n8n
if ! curl -f -s http://localhost:5678/healthz > /dev/null; then
    send_alert "n8n is not responding" "🚨"
fi

# <ion-icon name="bug-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Verificar taxa de erro
ERROR_RATE=$(curl -s -H "X-N8N-API-KEY: $API_KEY" \
  "http://localhost:5678/api/v1/executions?limit=1000" | \
  jq '[.[] | select(.startedAt > "'$(date -d '10 minutes ago' -Iseconds)'")] | 
       [.[] | select(.status == "error")] | length as $errors | 
       [.[] | select(.startedAt > "'$(date -d '10 minutes ago' -Iseconds)'")] | length as $total | 
       if $total > 0 then ($errors * 100 / $total) else 0 end')

if (( $(echo "$ERROR_RATE > $ALERT_THRESHOLD_ERROR_RATE" | bc -l) )); then
    send_alert "Error rate is ${ERROR_RATE}%" "🚨"
fi

# <ion-icon name="time-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Verificar tempo de resposta
RESPONSE_TIME=$(curl -o /dev/null -s -w "%{time_total}" \
  http://localhost:5678/api/v1/workflows)

if (( $(echo "$RESPONSE_TIME > $ALERT_THRESHOLD_RESPONSE_TIME" | bc -l) )); then
    send_alert "Response time is ${RESPONSE_TIME}s" "⚠️"
fi

Alertas Baseados em Tempo

Alertas de Horário

#!/bin/bash
# <ion-icon name="time-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> time-based-alerts.sh

# <ion-icon name="key-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Configurações
CURRENT_HOUR=$(date +%H)
CURRENT_DAY=$(date +%u)  # 1=Monday, 7=Sunday
BUSINESS_HOURS_START=9
BUSINESS_HOURS_END=18

# <ion-icon name="time-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Verificar se está em horário comercial
if [ $CURRENT_DAY -ge 1 ] && [ $CURRENT_DAY -le 5 ]; then
    if [ $CURRENT_HOUR -ge $BUSINESS_HOURS_START ] && [ $CURRENT_HOUR -lt $BUSINESS_HOURS_END ]; then
        # Em horário comercial - alertas mais rigorosos
        ALERT_THRESHOLD_CPU=70
        ALERT_THRESHOLD_MEMORY=80
        ALERT_THRESHOLD_ERROR_RATE=2
    else
        # Fora do horário comercial - alertas mais flexíveis
        ALERT_THRESHOLD_CPU=90
        ALERT_THRESHOLD_MEMORY=90
        ALERT_THRESHOLD_ERROR_RATE=10
    fi
else
    # Fim de semana - alertas muito flexíveis
    ALERT_THRESHOLD_CPU=95
    ALERT_THRESHOLD_MEMORY=95
    ALERT_THRESHOLD_ERROR_RATE=20
fi

echo "Current thresholds - CPU: ${ALERT_THRESHOLD_CPU}%, Memory: ${ALERT_THRESHOLD_MEMORY}%, Error Rate: ${ALERT_THRESHOLD_ERROR_RATE}%"

Dashboards de Observabilidade

Grafana Dashboard

Configuração do Grafana

# <ion-icon name="cloud-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> docker-compose.yml para Grafana
version: '3.8'

services:
  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:latest
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin123
    volumes:
      - grafana_data:/var/lib/grafana
      - ./grafana/dashboards:/etc/grafana/provisioning/dashboards
      - ./grafana/datasources:/etc/grafana/provisioning/datasources

  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus:latest
    ports:
      - "9090:9090"
    volumes:
      - ./prometheus/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
      - prometheus_data:/prometheus

volumes:
  grafana_data:
  prometheus_data:

Configuração Prometheus

# <ion-icon name="sparkles-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> prometheus/prometheus.yml
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'n8n'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['n8n:5678']
    metrics_path: '/metrics'
    scrape_interval: 30s

  - job_name: 'node-exporter'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['node-exporter:9100']

  - job_name: 'postgres'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['postgres-exporter:9187']

Dashboard n8n

{
  "dashboard": {
    "title": "n8n Monitoring Dashboard",
    "panels": [
      {
        "title": "System Metrics",
        "type": "graph",
        "targets": [
          {
            "expr": "cpu_usage_percent",
            "legendFormat": "CPU Usage"
          },
          {
            "expr": "memory_usage_percent",
            "legendFormat": "Memory Usage"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "n8n Metrics",
        "type": "graph",
        "targets": [
          {
            "expr": "n8n_workflows_total",
            "legendFormat": "Total Workflows"
          },
          {
            "expr": "n8n_workflows_active",
            "legendFormat": "Active Workflows"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Execution Metrics",
        "type": "graph",
        "targets": [
          {
            "expr": "n8n_executions_total",
            "legendFormat": "Total Executions"
          },
          {
            "expr": "n8n_executions_failed",
            "legendFormat": "Failed Executions"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

Datadog Integration

Configuração Datadog

# <ion-icon name="analytics-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> datadog-agent.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: datadog-config
data:
  datadog.yaml: |
    api_key: YOUR_DATADOG_API_KEY
    site: datadoghq.com
    
    logs:
      enabled: true
      container_collect_all: true
    
    apm_config:
      enabled: true
    
    process_config:
      enabled: true
      process_collection:
        enabled: true

Custom Metrics

// n8n-datadog-metrics.js
const { StatsD } = require('hot-shots');

const dogstatsd = new StatsD({
  host: 'localhost',
  port: 8125,
  prefix: 'n8n.'
});

// Métricas de workflow
function trackWorkflowExecution(workflowId, duration, status) {
  dogstatsd.timing('workflow.execution_time', duration, [`workflow_id:${workflowId}`]);
  dogstatsd.increment('workflow.executions', 1, [`status:${status}`, `workflow_id:${workflowId}`]);
}

// Métricas de erro
function trackError(errorType, errorMessage) {
  dogstatsd.increment('errors.total', 1, [`type:${errorType}`]);
  dogstatsd.event('n8n.error', errorMessage, {
    alert_type: 'error',
    tags: [`error_type:${errorType}`]
  });
}

// Métricas de performance
function trackAPIPerformance(endpoint, duration, statusCode) {
  dogstatsd.timing('api.response_time', duration, [`endpoint:${endpoint}`]);
  dogstatsd.increment('api.requests', 1, [`endpoint:${endpoint}`, `status:${statusCode}`]);
}

Logs Estruturados

Configuração de Logs

Configuração n8n

# <ion-icon name="settings-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> Configuração de logs estruturados
N8N_LOG_LEVEL=info
N8N_LOG_FORMAT=json
N8N_LOG_FILE=/var/log/n8n/n8n.log
N8N_LOG_MAX_SIZE=100MB
N8N_LOG_MAX_FILES=10

Formato JSON de Logs

{
  "timestamp": "2024-01-15T10:30:00.000Z",
  "level": "info",
  "message": "Workflow execution started",
  "workflowId": "abc123",
  "workflowName": "Email Marketing Campaign",
  "userId": "user456",
  "executionId": "exec789",
  "metadata": {
    "nodeCount": 15,
    "estimatedDuration": 300000,
    "priority": "high"
  }
}

Centralização de Logs

ELK Stack Configuration

# <ion-icon name="cloud-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> docker-compose-elk.yml
version: '3.8'

services:
  elasticsearch:
    image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:8.11.0
    environment:
      - discovery.type=single-node
      - xpack.security.enabled=false
    ports:
      - "9200:9200"
    volumes:
      - elasticsearch_data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data

  logstash:
    image: docker.elastic.co/logstash/logstash:8.11.0
    ports:
      - "5044:5044"
    volumes:
      - ./logstash/pipeline:/usr/share/logstash/pipeline
    depends_on:
      - elasticsearch

  kibana:
    image: docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana:8.11.0
    ports:
      - "5601:5601"
    environment:
      - ELASTICSEARCH_HOSTS=http://elasticsearch:9200
    depends_on:
      - elasticsearch

volumes:
  elasticsearch_data:

Logstash Pipeline

# <ion-icon name="document-outline" style={{ fontSize: '24px', color: '#ea4b71' }}></ion-icon> logstash/pipeline/n8n.conf
input {
  beats {
    port => 5044
  }
}

filter {
  if [fields][service] == "n8n" {
    json {
      source => "message"
    }
    
    date {
      match => [ "timestamp", "ISO8601" ]
      target => "@timestamp"
    }
    
    mutate {
      add_field => {
        "service" => "n8n"
        "environment" => "%{ENVIRONMENT}"
      }
    }
  }
}

output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["elasticsearch:9200"]
    index => "n8n-logs-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  }
}

Integração com Ferramentas APM

New Relic

Configuração New Relic

// newrelic.js
'use strict';

exports.config = {
  app_name: ['n8n'],
  license_key: 'YOUR_NEW_RELIC_LICENSE_KEY',
  logging: {
    level: 'info'
  },
  distributed_tracing: {
    enabled: true
  },
  transaction_tracer: {
    enabled: true,
    transaction_threshold: 5,
    record_sql: 'obfuscated',
    stack_trace_threshold: 0.5,
    explain_threshold: 0.5
  },
  error_collector: {
    enabled: true,
    collect_events: true
  },
  browser_monitoring: {
    enable: true
  }
};

AppDynamics

Configuração AppDynamics

// appdynamics.js
const appd = require('appdynamics');

appd.profile({
  controllerHostName: 'your-controller-host',
  controllerPort: 8090,
  controllerSslEnabled: false,
  accountName: 'your-account',
  accountAccessKey: 'your-access-key',
  applicationName: 'n8n',
  tierName: 'n8n-tier',
  nodeName: 'n8n-node'
});

// Custom business transactions
appd.startBT('Workflow Execution', 'Workflow');
// ... workflow execution code ...
appd.endBT();

Checklist de Monitoramento

Métricas

Métricas de sistema configuradas
Métricas de aplicação implementadas
Métricas de negócio definidas
Coleta automática configurada
Retenção de dados definida

Alertas

Alertas críticos configurados
Alertas de warning configurados
Escalação de alertas definida
Canais de notificação configurados
Testes de alertas realizados

Dashboards

Logs

Logs estruturados configurados
Centralização de logs implementada
Retenção de logs definida
Busca e filtros configurados
Alertas baseados em logs

Próximos Passos

Agora que você configurou o monitoramento:

Autenticação - Configure métodos de login seguros
Usuários e Permissões - Configure controle de acesso
Backup e Recovery - Implemente estratégias de backup

Dica Pro

Configure alertas proativos que detectam problemas antes que afetem os usuários. Use métricas de negócio além das técnicas.

Importante

Teste regularmente seus alertas e dashboards. Métricas sem ação não agregam valor.

Recurso Adicional

Considere implementar SLOs (Service Level Objectives) e SLIs (Service Level Indicators) para medir a qualidade do serviço.

Links úteis:

O que você vai aprender​

Métricas Essenciais​

Métricas de Sistema​

CPU e Memória​

Métricas de Rede​

Métricas de Aplicação​

Métricas n8n​

Métricas de Performance​

Sistema de Alertas​

Configuração de Alertas​

Script de Monitoramento​

Alertas Baseados em Tempo​

Alertas de Horário​

Dashboards de Observabilidade​

Grafana Dashboard​

Configuração do Grafana​

Configuração Prometheus​

Dashboard n8n​

Datadog Integration​

Configuração Datadog​

Custom Metrics​

Logs Estruturados​

Configuração de Logs​

Configuração n8n​

Formato JSON de Logs​

Centralização de Logs​

ELK Stack Configuration​

Logstash Pipeline​

Integração com Ferramentas APM​

New Relic​

Configuração New Relic​

AppDynamics​

Configuração AppDynamics​

Checklist de Monitoramento​

Métricas​

Alertas​

Dashboards​

Logs​

Próximos Passos​